Let's go through some examples to better learn how to find key signatures. Now that we know how to remember key signatures, let's go through some exercises. You can write down the number and names of sharps on the right part of the circle and flats on the left using the same mnemonic. Starting from the place to the left from C and going clockwise, enter the first letters of the mnemonic: F, (C), G, D, A, E, B.Īfter "B," continue filling the circle with first letters from a shortened part of the mnemonic: "Goes Down And Ends Battle". Remember C has no sharps or flats write it at the top of the circle. Recall the sentence: "Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle".ĭraw a circle with 12 evenly spaced places for notes. To recreate the key signature chart from memory: To remember the order of sharps and flats, you can use this popular mnemonic:įather Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle (for sharps)īattle Ends And Down Goes Charles Father (for flats) Going from C, we add sharps going clockwise and flats going counterclockwise. The adjacent notes are a perfect fifth apart (hence the chart's name). Between them, you'll see the corresponding flats and sharps.
If it is a WHOLE STEP below the tonic, it is still considered the SUB TONIC but not a LEADING TONE.The major keys are placed in the outer circle and their relative minors are in the inner circle. It is only considered the LEADING TONE when it is a HALF STEP below the tonic. It often precedes tonic in a chord progression.Ħ) SUB MEDIANT- Scale degree 6 is the same distance below the tonic as the mediant, scale degree 3, is above the tonic.ħ) SUB TONIC or LEADING TONE- The note below (and that often precedes) the tonic, in a chord progression. This note is second most important note only to the tonic. This is the middle, or "third", of a triad.Ĥ) SUB DOMINANT- Scale degree 4 is the note immediately below the dominant.ĥ) DOMINANT- Scale degree 5 is roughly at the center of the scale. The C note is the tonic of the C scale.Ģ) SUPER TONIC- Scale degree 2 is the note above the tonic.ģ) MEDIANT- Scale degree 3 is the midpoint between the tonic, scale degree 1, and the dominant, scale degree 5. This is the note for which the scale is named. 1) TONIC- Scale degree 1 is the root, or the foundation, of the scale.
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